Mikhail,
What you are asking for is the Holy Grail of NLP.
> ellipsis like “[Where are you going?] – *To town*”
You might be able to use a special-case heuristic for
some examples. For example, the question word "where"
expects a place, and the prepositional phrase supplies
one. But in the general case, you would need a full
analysis of syntax, semantics, and pragmatics in order
to fill the ellipses in all possible cases.
> gapping like “I read a book, and he -- a newspaper”
Some of these cases might be slightly simpler, since you
can often solve them with just syntax and semantics
without full pragmatics.
> The problem might be relevant for any annotation scheme...
I agree. Fully automatic annotation requires a full
natural language understanding system. And if you have
that, you don't really need annotation.
John Sowa
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