Re: [Corpora-List] cheerfully unaware

From: Martin Wynne (martin.wynne@oucs.ox.ac.uk)
Date: Tue Mar 21 2006 - 12:37:58 MET

  • Next message: Ramesh Krishnamurthy: "Re: [Corpora-List] cheerfully unaware"

    This usage does seem to have made it into some dictionaries.

    The COBUILD Dictionary (3rd edition, 2001) has this third sense for
    'cheerful':

    3. If you describe someone's attittude as cheerful, you mean they are
    not worried about something, and you think that they should be.
    e.g. There is little evidence to support
    * cheerfully e.g. ...cheerfully ignoring medical advice which which
    could have prolonged his life.

    The OED (2nd edition, online) also hints at this with 'blithely' in the
    defininition of 'cheerfuly':

    cheerfully
    1. In a cheerful manner; with liveliness or gladness; blithely,
    willingly, readily, gladly, joyously.
    ...

    blithely
    ...
    3. Heedlessly, carelessly; taking no account of the consequences. Freq.
    used to intensify following adj. with negative connotation.

    Monika Bednarek wrote:
    > Dear all,
    >
    > I have a question about the collocation of CHEERFULLY with negative and
    > negated adjectives, such as:
    >
    >
    > carried on with the arrangement she was making, *cheerfully*
    > <http://es-otto.unizh.ch/cgi-binbnc2/disp6.pl?lemmaScheme=lancaster&thMode=M545%B7332%AA%AAAafter%B7P0%B7L%B7T%B7H545%AA%AAP45%B7500%B7479%AA%AAP50%B7450%B7437%AA%AAP50%B7400%B7387%AA%AAP50%B7350%B7341&qname=hq000342&ot=after&queryID=mbednarek11%20>
    > unaware of how great a change in attitude that
    >
    > and paper, she and Francis and a *cheerfully*
    > <http://es-otto.unizh.ch/cgi-binbnc2/disp6.pl?lemmaScheme=lancaster&thMode=M545%B7332%AA%AAAafter%B7P0%B7L%B7T%B7H545%AA%AAP45%B7500%B7479%AA%AAP50%B7450%B7437%AA%AAP50%B7400%B7387%AA%AAP50%B7350%B7341&qname=hq000342&ot=after&queryID=mbednarek11%20>
    > unreliable string of volunteers threw together every month a
    >
    > But her guest was *cheerfully*
    > <http://es-otto.unizh.ch/cgi-binbnc2/disp6.pl?lemmaScheme=lancaster&thMode=M545%B7332%AA%AAAafter%B7P0%B7L%B7T%B7H545%AA%AAP45%B7500%B7479%AA%AAP50%B7450%B7437%AA%AAP50%B7400%B7387%AA%AAP50%B7350%B7341&qname=hq000342&ot=after&queryID=mbednarek11%20>
    > unrepentant."I forgot -- I was never
    >
    > and you can eat the freshest of fish in *cheerfully*
    > <http://es-otto.unizh.ch/cgi-binbnc2/disp6.pl?lemmaScheme=lancaster&thMode=M545%B7332%AA%AAAafter%B7P0%B7L%B7T%B7H545%AA%AAP45%B7500%B7479%AA%AAP50%B7450%B7437%AA%AAP50%B7400%B7387%AA%AAP50%B7350%B7341&qname=hq000342&ot=after&queryID=mbednarek11%20>
    > informal, unlicensed restaurants.Take your own wine
    >
    > the style, the language are all put in *cheerfully*
    > <http://es-otto.unizh.ch/cgi-binbnc2/disp6.pl?lemmaScheme=lancaster&thMode=M545%B7332%AA%AAAafter%B7P0%B7L%B7T%B7H545%AA%AAP45%B7500%B7479%AA%AAP50%B7450%B7437%AA%AAP50%B7400%B7387%AA%AAP50%B7350%B7341&qname=hq000342&ot=after&queryID=mbednarek11%20>
    > irreverent quotation marks and they are perceived against
    >
    > The *cheerfully*
    > <http://es-otto.unizh.ch/cgi-binbnc2/disp6.pl?lemmaScheme=lancaster&thMode=M545%B7332%AA%AAAafter%B7P0%B7L%B7T%B7H545%AA%AAP45%B7500%B7479%AA%AAP50%B7450%B7437%AA%AAP50%B7400%B7387%AA%AAP50%B7350%B7341&qname=hq000342&ot=after&queryID=mbednarek11%20>
    > ramshackle atmosphere of the King's Head is an unlikely
    >
    > I was always completely but *cheerfully*
    > <http://es-otto.unizh.ch/cgi-binbnc2/disp6.pl?lemmaScheme=lancaster&thMode=M545%B7332%AA%AAAafter%B7P0%B7L%B7T%B7H545%AA%AAP45%B7500%B7479%AA%AAP50%B7450%B7437%AA%AAP50%B7400%B7387%AA%AAP50%B7350%B7341&qname=hq000342&ot=after&queryID=mbednarek11%20>
    > rotten, however, and despite various faltering adult
    >
    > "They were all *cheerfully*
    > <http://es-otto.unizh.ch/cgi-binbnc2/disp6.pl?lemmaScheme=lancaster&thMode=M545%B7332%AA%AAAafter%B7P0%B7L%B7T%B7H545%AA%AAP45%B7500%B7479%AA%AAP50%B7450%B7437%AA%AAP50%B7400%B7387%AA%AAP50%B7350%B7341&qname=hq000342&ot=after&queryID=mbednarek11%20>
    > sick, enticed by the little paper bags, except
    >
    > chef stands in good stead, his apron *cheerfully*
    > <http://es-otto.unizh.ch/cgi-binbnc2/disp6.pl?lemmaScheme=lancaster&thMode=M545%B7332%AA%AAAafter%B7P0%B7L%B7T%B7H545%AA%AAP45%B7500%B7479%AA%AAP50%B7450%B7437%AA%AAP50%B7400%B7387%AA%AAP50%B7350%B7341&qname=hq000342&ot=after&queryID=mbednarek11%20>
    > stained, a generous plate of souvlaki in hand.
    >
    > reaching the last four.No-one was more *cheerfully*
    > <http://es-otto.unizh.ch/cgi-binbnc2/disp6.pl?lemmaScheme=lancaster&thMode=M545%B7332%AA%AAAafter%B7P0%B7L%B7T%B7H545%AA%AAP45%B7500%B7479%AA%AAP50%B7450%B7437%AA%AAP50%B7400%B7387%AA%AAP50%B7350%B7341&qname=hq000342&ot=after&queryID=mbednarek11%20>
    > downhearted than their Barbarian captain Kari Tapper,
    >
    > She was just *cheerfully*
    > <http://es-otto.unizh.ch/cgi-binbnc2/disp6.pl?lemmaScheme=lancaster&thMode=M545%B7332%AA%AAAafter%B7P0%B7L%B7T%B7H545%AA%AAP45%B7500%B7479%AA%AAP50%B7450%B7437%AA%AAP50%B7400%B7387%AA%AAP50%B7350%B7341&qname=hq000342&ot=after&queryID=mbednarek11%20>
    > fat, her obesity partly disguised by the fact that
    >
    > The ristorante was *cheerfully*
    > <http://es-otto.unizh.ch/cgi-binbnc2/disp6.pl?lemmaScheme=lancaster&thMode=M545%B7332%AA%AAAafter%B7P0%B7L%B7T%B7H545%AA%AAP45%B7500%B7479%AA%AAP50%B7450%B7437%AA%AAP50%B7400%B7387%AA%AAP50%B7350%B7341&qname=hq000342&ot=after&queryID=mbednarek11%20>
    > garish, with red-checked tablecloths, plastic flowers,
    >
    > been stencilled with designs that were mildly but *cheerfully*
    > <http://es-otto.unizh.ch/cgi-binbnc2/disp6.pl?lemmaScheme=lancaster&thMode=M545%B7332%AA%AAAafter%B7P0%B7L%B7T%B7H545%AA%AAP45%B7500%B7479%AA%AAP50%B7450%B7437%AA%AAP50%B7400%B7387%AA%AAP50%B7350%B7341&qname=hq000342&ot=after&queryID=mbednarek11%20>
    > crazy so that to look at them for long made the eyes
    > (from BNC)
    >
    > Do these all share one meaning or are there subtle meaning differences?
    > And if so, how would you best paraphrase this meaning/these meanings, or
    > (even better) translate them into German? What kind of semantic shift
    > from CHEERFUL ('happy' or 'giving you a feeling of happiness', according
    > to OALD) is going on here?
    >
    > Thanks very much - Monika Bednarek
    > 

    -- 
Martin Wynne
Head of the Oxford Text Archive and
AHDS Literature, Languages and Linguistics

    Oxford University Computing Services
13 Banbury Road
Oxford
UK - OX2 6NN
Tel: +44 1865 283299
Fax: +44 1865 273275
martin.wynne@oucs.ox.ac.uk

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