2. Research and innovations It is recommended that exploitation of the Internet/WWW should be used to facilitate the application of theory to practice, and to help bridge the gap between research and clinical teaching in SLT. (CD 10) CL must not forget that theory is also important, and the balance between theory and practice needs always to be there. (CL 7) Old barriers between the humanities and science/engineering must be lowered. (CL 8) Future research projects in CL should be explicitly required to make their results available for educational reuse. (CL 17) We recommend that work towards open public standards for encoding all languages of the world is stimulated with a view to enabling the transfer and sharing of scarce academic textual resources in those languages. (NEL 2) We recommend more intensive exchange of scholarly resources and techniques between industry and academia. (NEL 4) We recommend the definition of agreed standards of cooperation with industry. (NEL 8) We recommend the creation of an international forum dedicated to NEL computing, where teachers and students can meet and exchange information, experiences, etc. (NEL 11) There is a need for new researchers in PHON for basic research in speech sciences and for applications in the field of speech technology and speech therapy. (PHON 1) Old barriers between the humanities and science/engineering must be lowered. (PHON 6) The introduction and the extension of updated curriculum on SLE education in universities to develop strategic needs across multilingual Europe (SLE 1) To improve and to strength the links between industry (research and development laboratories) and universities in the area of SLE. (SLE 2) The definition of a coherent system for acquisition of competencies and skills through dedicated training models addressed to various job profiles and to expected changes in the SLE market. (SLE 3) The adaptation of educational technology infrastructure to current innovations imposed by the market or research imperatives. (SLE 7) For universities in Central and Eastern Europe it is imperative to strength the links with similar institutions from EU in order to set up new curricula, to retrain the staff and to develop the educational and research infrastructure according to well recognized standards. (SLE 8) Larger coordinated efforts are needed to continue the promotion of research an innovations in SLE for developing new applications using the integration of speech and language. (SLE 9) Industry, national and international bodies should continue to support projects for the development, testing and evaluation of advanced training modules for SLE, including ODL and LLL. ISCA-SIG on education can play an important role. (SLE 11)